Quantum Many-body Phases and Dynamics on 2D Rydberg Atom Arrays

Motivated by far-reaching applications ranging from quantum simulations of complex processes in physics and chemistry to quantum information processing, a broad effort is currently underway to build large-scale programmable quantum systems. In this talk, I will demonstrate a programmable quantum simulator based on two-dimensional arrays of neutral atoms, featuring strong interactions controlled via excitation into Rydberg states. Using this approach, we realize a quantum spin model with tunable interactions for system sizes ranging from 64 to 256 qubits. We benchmark the system by creating and characterizing high-fidelity antiferromagnetically ordered states, and demonstrate the universal properties of an Ising quantum phase transition in (2+1) dimensions. We then create and study several new quantum phases that arise from the interplay between interactions and coherent laser excitation, experimentally map the phase diagram, and investigate the role of quantum fluctuations.

In the second half of the talk, we investigate non-equilibrium dynamics following rapid quenches in a many-body system. We probe coherent revivals corresponding to quantum many-body scars, and devise a universal model explaining their decay. Remarkably, we discover that scar revivals can be stabilized by periodic driving, which generates a robust subharmonic response akin to discrete time-crystalline order.

Offering a new lens into the study of complex quantum matter, these observations pave the way for investigations of exotic quantum phases, non-equilibrium entanglement dynamics, and hardware-efficient realization of quantum algorithms.

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